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In a number of experiments, Elizabeth Loftus has shown that the wording of a question can affect participants’ recall of an incident. These studies best illustrate
(A) the reconstructive nature of memory.
(B) the serial position effect.
(C) the rate at which people forget information.
(D) the role of the cerebellum in memory.
(E) the influence of hindsight bias on memory.
Spoiler
Answer
(B) the serial position effect.
Spoiler
Explanation
Loftus’s work shows that memory is reconstructed; that is, a memory is not like an exact replica of what happened but rather is built each time a person thinks about it and is therefore affected by all sorts of extraneous information. The serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the ones in the middle. While there is a predictable rate at which information is lost from short-term memory, it is not relevant to this question. Similarly, while the cerebellum plays a role in procedural memory, that fact is not the focus of this question. Finally, hindsight bias, the tendency to think you knew an answer all along after hearing it, does not relate directly to this question.
Posted : 24/04/2024 5:34 pm