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Jen collects survey data that indicates that students who spend more time preparing for the AP test tend to score better than other students. Jen can now conclude that
(A) studying improves exam grades.
(B) a relationship exists between studying and exam grades.
(C) a significant correlation exists between studying and exam grades.
(D) anyone who does not study will do poorly on the exam.
(E) better students tend to study more.
Spoiler
Answer
(B) a relationship exists between studying and exam grades.
Spoiler
Explanation
Jen has established a relationship, or correlation, between the two variables she is studying. However, since she has not conducted an experiment, Jen does not know whether a cause-andeffect relationship occurs between studying and earning high grades on the exam. Therefore, Jen does not know if studying improves exam grades. Although Jen has found a correlation between studying and exam grades, whether or not that correlation is significant can be determined only through the use of inferential statistics. Even if the correlation were significant, it would not guarantee that if someone did not study, he or she would do poorly on the test. Finally, Jen’s correlation does not tell us that better students study more. In fact, it tells us nothing about better students, not even what is meant by that term.
Posted : 23/01/2024 3:02 pm